Answer to Question 1
D
World War II saw discrimination against African Americans begin to wane with the end of segregation in the military Nurse Corps. At the end of World War II, many state nurses associations ended their discrimination in membership as well; by 1952, all state nurses associations had eliminated such discriminatory policies.
Kennedy's presidency, although known for civil rights advancements, was not when discrimination began to end.
The civil rights era occurred at approximately the same time as the Kennedy era.
The Vietnam War occurred at the same time as Kennedy's presidency and civil rights era.
Answer to Question 2
D
The United States' involvement in World War II dramatically increased the demand for trained nurses. To help fill this need, the American Red Cross and the Office of Civilian Defense co-established a program to train nurse aides. The success of the program encouraged hospitals to use employees with various levels of skill.
Desegregation in nursing did come about in the same era as stratification, but it was not instrumental in creating this differentiated practice.
Nursing opportunities were increasing throughout the 20th century.
Role stratification was already entrenched by the Korean conflict.
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