Answer to Question 1
Several techniques for docking are used. All techniques involve removing the tail 1.5 inches
from the tail base. All techniques serve to facilitate sanitation and improve the marketability of
lambs. Methods currently in use include:
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Elastrator method: Advantages include no blood loss, minimal complications, rapid to
perform, and ease of band application. Disadvantages include increased incidence of fly
blow and tetanus.
Hot docking iron method: Advantages include immediate removal of tail and cauterization.
Disadvantages include higher post-docking infection and bleeding rates, and the wound
usually takes longer to heal.
Emasculator method: The sole advantage is immediate removal of tail. This method is the
least desirable and is associated with the most complications.
Answer to Question 2
In contrast to other species, chlorhexidine is preferred over iodine tincture for cria umbilical
stump care. Crias often experience severe dermatitis when the delicate skin is exposed to
iodine. Ideally, the chlorhexidine solution is applied two times per day for 2 or 3 days.
"Rooster tail" spray around swimming Dall's porpoises
Blue-tailed Bee-eater from behind, showing the blue rump and tail
Radiology Procedures Not Requiring Contrast Media
Recent history of biochemistry shown by the introduction of new techniques. (part 1)
Two techniques for holding and inserting an otoscope