A nurse should use which measure initially to reduce dyspnea in a ...

[asmith134]

A nurse should use which measure initially to reduce dyspnea in a patient with end-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
 
  a. Administer a dose of an ordered prn bronchodilator.
  b. Encourage the patient to use an incentive spirometer.
  c. Assist the patient to cough and deep breathe.
  d. Elevate the head of the bed.

Question 2

The nurse functions in both the individual and community roles with the homeless. Which of the following is an example of a nursing action in the community nurse role?
 
  a. follow-up care for a client with diabetes who has no money for insulin
  b. management of a health assessment service for a homeless rural population
  c. advocacy for an individual client in need for shelter, because the temperature outside is 20 degrees Fahrenheit
  d. referral of a homeless client with an abscessed tooth to a dental clinic

[gabrielle_lawrence]

Answer to Question 1

D
Dyspnea occurs in many chronic and end-stage diseases and the nurse can assist the patient with shortness of breath by raising the head of the bed to a comfortable position. Bronchodilators may be used as an aid, but positioning is noninvasive and is a first-line intervention. Incentive spirometry, coughing, and deep breathing would prevent atelectasis but would not treat the symptom of dyspnea resulting from the end-stage disease process.

Answer to Question 2

B
By managing a health assessment service for a homeless rural population, the nurse is functioning in the community role. The other options are incorrect because the nurse's attention is on a single client versus a community.

[asmith134]

Thanks for the timely response, appreciate it

[alexanderhamilton]

Excellent