Which one of the following assessments is definitely criterion-referenced?
a. Ivy is taking an achievement test in English. Her score will tell her how her performance compares with that of her classmates.
b. John is taking a math test with questions involving ratios. He will get three separate scores reflecting how much he knows about fractions, decimals, and proportions.
c. Regina is taking a physical fitness test in which she and her classmates run a quarter mile, and their times are compared at the end of the test.
d. Leon is taking a Spanish test that will determine whether he should be placed in an advanced section of Spanish II designed for students who have achieved at an especially high level in Spanish I.
Question 2
Which one of the following teachers is most likely to score his or her essay tests validly and reliably?
a. Mr. Achziger identifies the components that a good response should include and awards a specific number of points for each component he finds in a student's response.
b. Ms. Brodzinski scores each student's test in its entirety before moving to the next student's test.
c. Mr. Cullen scores students' responses to each question on a scale of 1 to 5, where 1 means inadequate and 5 means excellent.
d. Ms. Duning arranges the tests with her higher-achieving students' responses at the top; their responses will give her an idea of what a good response is like as she continues to grade other students' papers.
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