Answer to Question 1
Answer: 4
Explanation: The ethics of care is grounded in relationships and the interconnectedness and interdependence that humans share. It is strong in empathy. Telling the truth and doing the right thing are deontological principles. Operating on the premise of providing the best benefit for all is a utilitarian principle.
Answer to Question 2
Answer: 2
Explanation: There are many different guidelines for ethical decision making. Nurses often face threats to their personal and/or professional integrity and must choose to adhere (or not) to their own set of values. In this example, the nurse offered the physician an integrity-preserving compromise. Even though the nurse refused to carry out the order, he acknowledged the physician's opinion and sought to work with the individual patient. The nurse had already clarified his values and had identified the biggest stakeholder as the patient. He had also made it clear that in the moral hierarchy, his biggest duty was to the patient.