Answer to Question 1
Answer: 1
Explanation: Peplau's work on interpersonal relations and anxiety became foundational to nursing practice in general, and psychiatric-mental health nursing in particular. Karl Menninger worked to reform and reorganize psychiatry. William Stokes promoted moral therapy. Nightingale created a model for training nurses.
Answer to Question 2
Answer: 2
Explanation: During the 17th and 18th century, asylums were an attempt to provide humane treatment for the mentally ill, but by the 19th century they were intended more for restraint. Asylums were the preferred means of housing those with mental illness in the 19th century. Prior to the 19th century, the mentally ill were frequently housed in hospitals that treated all illnesses. The mentally ill, particularly those who were violent, were frequently institutionalized and removed from the home. Sanitariums were usually restricted to the wealthy.