Answer to Question 1
B
Answer to Question 2
Purple loosestrife in North American wetlands. Weevils from Europe have been successfully introduced and have reduced or eliminated purple loosestrife by attacking different parts of the plant. Galerucella pusilla and G. calmariensis are leaf-eating beetles that feed on the leaves and new shoot growth. Hylobius transversovittatus is a root-boring weevil whose larvae feed on the root tissue. The flower-feeding weevil, Nanophyes marmoratus, reduces seed production.
Leafy spurge in native rangeland and pastures in the northern Great Plains. An integrated pest management approach (IPM) using a flea beetle, Aphthona spp. in combination with mowing and herbicides has been successful in reducing leafy spurge populations and its spread to new areas. Leafy spurge is unpalatable to cattle but is consumed by goats, sheep, and donkeys, which are used for its control in some areas.
Prickly pear was introduced into Australia as an ornamental. In the early 1900s, it rendered nearly 100,000 acres (40,000 hectares) unusable for grazing. A moth borer (Cactoblastis cactorum) introduced from Argentina has controlled this invasive species.
Canada thistle is an aggressive perennial weed of crops and pastures. A naturally occurring phytopathogenic bacterium, Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tagetis has been shown to kill Canada thistle.
The experimental approach used by Masui and Markert to identify cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinase (
Model Organism Drosophila
Scientific Ignorance
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Hierarchy of scientific evidence