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Disorders that may affect pharmacodynamics include genetic mutations, malnutrition, thyrotoxicosis, myasthenia gravis, Parkinson's disease, and certain forms of insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus.
People with high total cholesterol have about two times the risk for heart disease as people with ideal levels.
Cancer has been around as long as humankind, but only in the second half of the twentieth century did the number of cancer cases explode.
Anesthesia awareness is a potentially disturbing adverse effect wherein patients who have been paralyzed with muscle relaxants may awaken. They may be aware of their surroundings but unable to communicate or move. Neurologic monitoring equipment that helps to more closely check the patient's anesthesia stages is now available to avoid the occurrence of anesthesia awareness.
Multiple experimental evidences have confirmed that at the molecular level, cancer is caused by lesions in cellular DNA.