Author Question: Which of these normal changes occurring in the urinary system with aging may contribute to an older ... (Read 81 times)

asd123 · **on:** Jul 22, 2018

Which of these normal changes occurring in the urinary system with aging may contribute to an older adult female client developing cystitis?

a. decreased bladder capacity
b. weakening of bladder and perineal muscles resulting in the inability to empty the bladder
c. development of stress incontinence
d. decreased renal function

Question 2

The client is diagnosed with malignant neoplasms that have multiplied quickly and spread to distant body parts. The nurse is aware that this process is called:

a. cellular transition c. osmosis
b. metastasis d. transposition

kingdude89 · **Reply #1 on:** Jul 22, 2018

Answer to Question 1

B
Cystitis, inflammation of the urinary bladder, is more common in females because of their short urethra, which allows bacteria to ascend from the vagina or rectum. Bacteria may descend from an infected kidney. Bacteria in the bladder multiply, causing redness and swelling of the wall of the bladder, which in turn causes increased urinary frequency, dysuria, pyuria, hematuria, and sometimes burning and urgency. The normal changes occurring in the urinary system with aging, such as weakening of bladder and perineal muscles that results in the inability to empty the bladder, may increase risk of developing cystitis in older females.

Answer to Question 2

B
Malignant neoplasms form irregularly shaped masses that have fingerlike projections. Because of their rapid growth, cancer cells often spread from an initial site to other parts of the body via the blood or lymph systems; this spread is known as metastasis and its progress depends on the type of cancer.