Answer to Question 1
A
What is unique about case management is that clinicians, either as individuals or as part of a col-laborative group, oversee the management of patients with specific case types, focusing on length of stay and improving clinical outcomes (e.g., patients with specific diagnoses presenting complex nursing and medical problems such as heart failure or diabetes). Case managers work with social services, dietitians, and physical therapists to name a few. Case managers do not care for all patients, just a specific case type. Case managers do not provide direct care. Instead they collaborate with and supervise the care that other staff members deliver.
Answer to Question 2
C
Fluid output normally occurs through four organs: the skin, lungs, GI tract, and kidneys Insensi-ble water loss is not visible; it is continuous and occurs through the skin and lungs. Output of insensible water also increases with fever. Visible perspiration (sweat) is secreted by the sweat glands. The GI tract plays a vital role in fluid balance. Approximately 3 to 6 L of fluid move into the GI tract daily and return again to the ECF. However, diarrhea causes a large fluid output from the GI tract. The kidneys are the major regulator of fluid output because they respond to hormones that influence urine production. When healthy people drink more water, they make a larger urine volume to maintain fluid balance. In patient situations, fluid loss occurs abnormally, such as through vomiting (stomach), wound drainage, and hemorrhage.
When using an interpreter, the nurse should pose questions directly to the patient, not the interpre
Application of an ostomy bag or pouch: B, An ostomy nurse applying an ostomy bag to a stoma;
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