Answer to Question 1
A, C, E, F
You reduce friction by lifting rather than pushing a patient. Lifting has an upward component and decreases the pressure between the patient and the bed or chair. The use of a draw sheet re-duces friction because you are able to move the patient more easily along the bed's surface. However, there are several commercially available products to assist in the task of positioning and moving patients in bed such as transfer boards and Maxi Slides. Pushing the patient up in bed is incorrect because pushing increases the friction between the patient and the bed. Asking the patient to lie still is incorrect because a passive or immobilized patient produces greater fric-tion to movement.
Answer to Question 2
B
Thirst, a conscious desire for water, regulates fluid intake when plasma osmolality increases (osmoreceptor-mediated thirst) or the blood volume decreases (baroreceptor-mediated thirst and angiotensin IImediated thirst). The thirst-control mechanism is in the hypothalamus of the brain. Osmoreceptors there continually monitor plasma osmolality; when osmolality increases, the hy-pothalamus stimulates thirst. Colloid osmotic pressure (oncotic pressure) is an inward-pulling force caused by the presence of protein molecules. Hydrostatic pressure is the force of a fluid pressing outward against the walls of its container. Thus capillary hydrostatic pressure is an out-ward-pushing force.
The patient interview often requires note taking.
The general survey includes assessing every patient for signs of distress.
THE DIMENSIONS OF PATIENT-CENTERED CARE
Instructing the Patient in Collecting a Stool Specimen
A physical therapist helping the patient on parallel bars.
A medical assistant helps a patient walk with a gait belt.