Answer to Question 1
A
Situational factors include work-related stress. Coping strategies vary with the individual and the situation. Maturational factors involve stressors and coping strategies that vary with life stage. Sociocultural factors include prolonged poverty, physical handicap, and chronic illness. Com-passion fatigue is a term used to describe a state of burnout and secondary traumatic stress.
Answer to Question 2
D
Work stress for nurses happens with work overload, heavy physical work, shift work, patient concerns (dealing with death and medical treatment), and interpersonal problems with other health care professionals and staff. Adjusting to chronic illness can result in situational stress, but is not work related. Furthermore, the stress experienced while caring for someone with a chronic illness (such as Alzheimer's disease) can lead to adverse health consequences but is also not work related. Another nonwork-related stressor would be caring for a family member who has cancer. Those family members caring for cancer patients have been shown to display immunologic changes that can contribute to the development of inflammatory disease.
(A) Normal spongy bone. (B) Spongy bone with osteoporosis, which is characterized by a loss of bone
Factors that contribute to the growth of family members.
Electrocardiography. (a) Electrodes are placed on the patient’s chest to record the electrical event
Examples of endocrine disorders. (C) A patient with congenital hypothyroidism.
Areas of sclerosis (see arrows) in the white matter of a patient with MS.