Answer to Question 1
A
According to state Nurse Practice Acts, independent nursing interventions pertain to ADLs (turning), health education and promotion, and counseling. Nurse-initiated interventions are the independent nursing interventions or actions that nurses initiate. Physician-initiated interventions are dependent nursing interventions or actions that require an order from a physician or another health care professional. Administering a medication, implementing an invasive procedure (ca-theter and intravenous fluids), and preparing a patient for diagnostic tests are examples of such interventions.
Answer to Question 2
D, E
The core temperatures of the pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder are often used in critical care settings and require continuous invasive monitoring devices placed in arteries or in-ternal orifices. The most common sites for intermittent temperature measurements are surface sites, such as the tympanic membrane, temporal artery, mouth, rectum, and axilla.
The liver in this photograph was from a deceased patient with an advanced state of cirrhosis.
Mechanisms of Action of Drugs Used for Heart Failure
Purpose of the nursing interventions
The effectiveness of patient education
To check pupillary reflexes the nurse first holds the penlight
Medicinal leeches on a patient’s neck. Today leeches are sometimes used in microsurgery to prevent b