Answer to Question 1
A
Immobilized patients require vigilant nursing care, such as repositioning at least every 2 hours, to avoid physical complications. Every 3 or 4 hours or once every shift is too long.
Answer to Question 2
A, C, D, F
Principles of body mechanics include the following: A wide base of support increases stability; a lower center of gravity increases stability; the equilibrium of an object is maintained when the line of gravity passes through its base of support; facing the direction of movement prevents abnormal twisting of the spine; dividing balanced activity between arms and legs reduces the risk for back injury; and leverage, rolling, turning, or pivoting requires less work than lifting. Manual lifting is the last resort, and it is only used when it does not involve lifting most or all of the patient's weight.