Answer to Question 1
D
Patients need to be assessed for iodine or shellfish allergies before the test because the contrast media is iodine based. Before an IVP procedure, bowel preparation is required. The patient is NPO for at least 4 hours before the procedure. After the procedure the patient is encouraged to push fluids to reduce the nephrotoxic effects of the contrast material.
Answer to Question 2
C
Orthostatic hypotension, also referred to as postural hypotension, is a reduction of systolic blood pressure (SBP) of at least 20 mm Hg or reduction of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of at least 10 mm Hg within 3 minutes of quiet standing. It occurs when patients with normal blood pressure experience a drop in blood pressure upon rising to an upright position and it is associated with symptoms of lightheadedness or dizziness. Hypotension is a SBP less than 90 mm Hg or a DBP less than 60 mm Hg. The most common alteration in blood pressure is hypertension, an often asymptomatic disorder characterized by persistently elevated BP. Hypertension is defined as SBP greater than 140 mm Hg, DBP greater than 90 mm Hg. The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure is the pulse pressure. For a blood pressure of 120/80 mm Hg, the pulse pressure is 40.
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