While studying health care economics, the nursing professor ...

[james]

While studying health care economics, the nursing professor explains to a class that the economic principle of opportunity costs means that
 
  a. economic decisions are based on the best opportunity that arises.
  b. free market failure occurs when efficient use of resources is lacking.
  c. satisfying one desire eliminates the possibility of satisfying another.
  d. we make our decisions based on opportunities to benefit others.

Question 2

A rural nurse is planning a community health event and explains to the sponsors that the focus needs to be the most common health problems faced in the area, which include
 
  a. diabetes and premature birth.
  b. heart failure and stroke.
  c. lung disease and stroke.
  d. liver disease and cancer.

[tashiedavis420]

Answer to Question 1

C
Because resources spent on one set of desires cannot be used to satisfy other desires, decisions are made based on the value of what was not chosen. This is the principle of opportunity costs; in other words, what has acting on this one opportunity cost you?
Although we do make many decisions based on the best choices or opportunities that arise for us, this is not a complete or accurate description of the concept.
A lack of efficient use of resources contributes to market failure, not opportunity costs.
Making decisions to benefit others is not as common as making decisions based on self-interest.

Answer to Question 2

B
Rates for chronic medical conditions such as hypertension, vascular disease (including stroke), diabetes, and some cancers are higher in many rural regions compared with urban areas. The nurse needs to focus efforts on combating these diseases.
Diabetes is a common health problem in rural areas, but with a majority older population, obstetrical problems are not as pressing. Stroke is a pressing health problem in rural areas, but lung disease is not one of the highest ranking problems.
Some cancers are seen at a high rate in rural areas, but liver disease is not a common problem.