Author Question: Among the following four patients, the nurse recognizes that which one is most at risk for a fluid ... (Read 78 times)

melly21297 · **on:** Jul 22, 2018

Among the following four patients, the nurse recognizes that which one is most at risk for a fluid volume deficit?

a. A 6-month-old learning to drink from a cup
b. A 12-year-old who is moderately active in 27C weather
c. A 42-year-old with severe diarrhea
d. A 90-year-old with frequent headaches

Question 2

The client tells the nurse, Blowing into this tube thing (incentive spirometer) is a ridiculous waste of time. Which one of the following does the nurse tell the client is the specific purpose of using an incentive spirometer?

a. It directly removes excess secretions from the lungs.
b. It increases pulmonary circulation.
c. It promotes optimal lung expansion.
d. It stimulates the cough reflex.

leahm14 · **Reply #1 on:** Jul 22, 2018

Answer to Question 1

C

Feedback
A The very young are at risk for a fluid volume deficit because their body water loss is proportionately greater per kilogram of weight. However, in this instance the very young patient is not the individual who is most at risk for fluid volume deficit.
B A 12-year-old who is moderately active in warm weather will lose body water through sweating but in this instance is not the individual at greatest risk for a fluid volume deficit.
C The patient at greatest risk for a fluid volume deficit is the patient who has severe diarrhea. Any condition that results in the loss of gastrointestinal fluids predisposes the patient to dehydration and a variety of electrolyte disturbances.
D The very old are at increased risk for fluid volume deficit because they have a decreased thirst sensation and a decreased number of filtering nephrons. However, in this instance the older adult patient is not the individual at greatest risk for a fluid volume deficit.

Answer to Question 2

C
The primary purpose of using an incentive spirometer is to promote optimal lung expansion.
Coughing exercises are used to remove excess secretions from the lungs.
The specific purpose of using an incentive spirometer is not to increase pulmonary circulation. Ambulation helps increase pulmonary circulation as the respiratory rate increases.
The primary purpose of incentive spirometry is not to stimulate the cough reflex, but to promote lung expansion.