Answer to Question 1
B
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A If the nurse stops the infusion, the patient will not receive all of the fluid, and the enema will be less effective. The nurse can slow the infusion until the abdominal cramping passes.
B The nurse should slow the rate of infusion if the patient complains of abdominal cramping. Cramping may prevent the patient from retaining all of the fluid, which would alter the effectiveness of the enema.
C The enema tubing should not be advanced farther.
D The tubing may be clamped temporarily if fluid escapes around the rectal tube. However, in the instance of abdominal cramping, the nurse's first action should be to slow the rate of infusion.
Answer to Question 2
B
The process of moving water from an area of low particle concentration to an area of higher particle concentration is known as osmosis. Hydrolysis is not a term related to fluid and electrolyte balance. Filtration is mediated by fluid pressure from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure. Active transport requires metabolic activity and is not passive.
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