Which one of the following nursing interventions for a client in ...

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Which one of the following nursing interventions for a client in pain is based on the gate-control theory?
 
  a. Giving the client a back massage
  b. Changing the client's position in bed
  c. Giving the client pain medication
  d. Limiting the number of visitors

Question 2

Lack of which of the following is considered an external barrier to changing negative health habits?
 
  a. Motivation
  b. Knowledge
  c. Social supports
  d. Financial means

[fatboyy09]

Answer to Question 1

A
The gate-control theory suggests that cutaneous stimulation activates larger, faster-transmitting A-beta sensory nerve fibres. This decreases pain transmission through small-diameter A-delta and C fibres. A back massage is a nursing intervention based on the gate-control theory.
Changing the client's position in bed is not a form of cutaneous stimulation used to relieve pain.
Giving the client pain medication is a pharmacological approach to relieving pain. It is not based on the gate-control theory.
Limiting the number of visitors may provide a quiet environment conducive to relaxation, but it is not based on the gate-control theory.

Answer to Question 2

C

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A Lack of motivation is an internal barrier.
B Lack of knowledge is an internal barrier.
C One of the three identified external barriers to changing negative health habits is lack of social supports; the other two are lack of facilities and lack of materials.
D Lack of financial means is not an identified internal or external barrier.

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