Answer to Question 1
A, B, C, D, E
Multiple external forces affect nursing. These include demographic changes in the population, human rights, increasing numbers of medically underserved, and the threat of bioterrorism. The women's movement brought greater sensitivity to the health care needs of women and the role of women in health care research.
Answer to Question 2
B
The critically thinking nurse should explore all options for pain relief first. The nurse should use critical thinking to determine the cause of the pain and determine various options for pain, not just ordered pain medications. The nurse can act independently to determine all options for pain relief and does not have to wait until after the health care provider rounds are completed. Explaining the cause of the pain does not address options for pain relief.