Answer to Question 1
ANS: A, B, C, D
Delirium, or acute confusional state, is a potentially reversible cognitive impairment that is often due to a physiological event. Physiological causes include electrolyte imbalances, untreated pain, infection, cerebral anoxia, hypoglycemia, medication effects, tumors, subdural hematomas, and cerebrovascular infarction or hemorrhage. Sometimes it is also caused by environmental factors such as sensory deprivation or overstimulation, unfamiliar surroundings, or sleep deprivation or psychosocial factors such as emotional distress. Dementia is a gradual, progressive, and irreversible cerebral dysfunction.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: A
Confusion is a common manifestation in older adults with urinary tract infection; however, the cause requires further assessment. There may be another reason for the confusion. Confusion is not a normal finding in the older adult, even though it is commonly seen with concurrent infections. Difficulty hearing, presbycusis, is an expected finding in an older adult. Older adults tend to have lower core temperatures. Coping with the death of a spouse is a psychosocial concern to be addressed after the acute physiological concern in this case.
Testing Visual Fields by Confrontation: The nurse and patient should be approximately at an eye to e
Symptoms of a patient in shock
Patient teaching: abdominal assessment
The pubic symphysis of the pelvis is useful for estimating age in the adult skeleton.
Written materials can be helpful for the older adult.
A histologic slide showing the sponge-like architecture of a patient with Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease.