Answer to Question 1
Ans: A, C, E
Credentialing refers to the way in which professional competence is ensured and maintained. Licensure is the process by which a state determines that a candidate meets certain minimum requirements to practice in the profession and grants a license to do so. Certification is the process by which a person who has met certain criteria established by a nongovernmental association is granted recognition in a specified practice area. State accreditation is a legal requirement; legal accreditation of a school preparing nursing personnel by the state Board of Nursing should not be confused with voluntary accreditation. Once earned, a license to practice is a property right and may not be revoked without due process. This includes notice of an investigation, a fair and impartial hearing, and a proper decision based on substantial evidence. According to the National Council of State Boards of Nursing, a mutual recognition model of nurse licensure exists that allows a nurse to have one license in his or her state of residency, and to practice in other states (both physically and electronically) as well, subject to each state's practice law and regulation, unless otherwise restricted.
Answer to Question 2
Ans: A, B, E
According to HIPAA, clients have a right to see and copy their health record; to update their health record; to get a list of the disclosures a health care institution has made independent of disclosures made for the purposes of treatment, payment, and health care operations; to request a restriction on certain uses or disclosures; and to choose how to receive health information. The client may not make additions, cross out sections, or destroy the health record.