Answer to Question 1
C
True ethical dilemmas involve deciding between the better of two negative outcomes, so the nurse will probably not be comfortable with any course of action, regardless of the strategy, number of strategies, model, or type of reasoning used. Because of the nature of a dilemma, even with the involvement of other team members it is unlikely the decision will be fully satisfying to any one participant. Ethical decision-making models will help the nurse carefully consider several perspectives, guide reasoning, and explain reasons for final action; however, true ethical dilemmas require deciding between the lesser of two evils, so any conclusion is likely to be unsatisfying in some ways.
Answer to Question 2
A, D
A medication error is an error of commission because it is something that is done incorrectly. A bar scanner would not prevent the nurse from missing an order or forgetting to give a medication, which would be errors of omission. The nurse administering medication is not planning care. Making a medication error would be an error in execution. There is no such thing as an error in assessment.