In the emergency department (ED), the patient is diagnosed with a ...

[bobthebuilder]

In the emergency department (ED), the patient is diagnosed with a dislocated humerus. What type of anesthesia would the nurse anticipate will be used to repair the dislocation in the ED?
 
  a. General
  b. Epidural
  c. Conscious sedation
  d. Local

Question 2

The nurse is providing care to a pregnant woman in preterm labor. The patient is 32 weeks pregnant. Initially, the patient states, I've gained 30 pounds. That should be enough for the baby. Everything will be okay if I deliver now.
 
   After teaching the patient about fetal development, the nurse will know her teaching is effective if the patient makes which of the following statements?
  a. The baby's lungs are well developed now, but he will be at increased risk for SIDS if I deliver early.
  b. We should try to stop this labor now because the baby will be born with sleep apnea if I deliver this early.
  c. If I deliver this early my baby is at risk for respiratory distress syndrome, a condition that can be life threatening.
  d. Thanks for reassuring me; I was pretty sure there isn't much risk to the baby this far along in my pregnancy.

[nothere]

Answer to Question 1

C
Conscious sedation would relax the muscles and can be administered with an analgesic to allow repair of the dislocation with rapid return to consciousness following the procedure. General anesthesia produces rapid unconsciousness and loss of sensation, but also depresses the patient's central nervous system (CNS) and relaxes the musculature. It produces more extensive effects than would be required for a procedure that will be performed in a few minutes. It also involves more risks than are justified in this case. An epidural anesthetic would not reduce pain or induce muscle relaxation as high up as the shoulderif it did, it would also paralyze the muscles involved in breathing. A local anesthetic would not adequately relax muscles or anesthetize the shoulder joint.

Answer to Question 2

C
Premature infants (younger than 33 weeks' gestation) are born before the alveolar surfactant system is fully developed. Therefore, they are at high risk for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). RDS is characterized by widespread atelectasis (collapse of alveoli), usually related to a deficiency of surfactant that keeps air sacs open.