Answer to Question 1
C
The intraoperative phase begins when the patient enters the operating suite and ends when the patient is admitted to the postanesthesia care unit. The nursing focus is to ensure patient safety during the surgical procedure by functioning as an advocate when clients cannot advocate for themselves and by monitoring the client and surgical environment throughout the procedure. Although the sterile field must be maintained in this phase and sterility contributes to patient safety, the focus of care is broader than the maintenance of sterility. Obtaining informed consent and preparing the patient for surgery are activities associated with the preoperative phase.
Answer to Question 2
B
The location of the ulcers and the history of past deep vein thrombosis would make venous stasis ulcers the most likely classification for these wounds. They occur usually between the inside ankle and the knee, not necessarily over a bony prominence, and are typically red in color, shiny, and taut, and may even feel warm or hot. Fluid drainage can be significant. A pressure ulcer is unlikely to develop on the medial side of the calf because it is neither a bony area nor one that is likely to be an area where there is pressure. There is no indication that this patient is diabetic and the wound is not on the foot. An arterial (ischemic) ulcer tends to be dry and pale, with little drainage. Arterial ulcers are usually very painful, especially at night.
Sharing patient information with colleagues is an important nursing role
Patient teaching: neck assessment
Patient teaching: health promotion to prevent osteroporosis in women
Vapocoolant spray application while passively stretching the paracervical muscles. Take care to prot
Sandwich or capture enzyme immunoassay for patient IgM (double capture: IgM capture, Ag capture).