Answer to Question 1
D
A healthy stoma ranges in color from deep pink to brick red, regardless of the patient's skin color, and is shiny and moist. Pallor or a dusky blue color indicates ischemia, and a brown-black color indicates necrosis. Immediately report to the surgeon a stoma that is pale, dusky, or black in color. These indicate inadequate blood supply to the portion of the intestine that has been externalized. The patient should also pay close attention to the skin surrounding the stoma. Skin breakdown may lead to infection, pain, and leakage. The nurse will provide and further recommend the use of a barrier cream and other skin products. Skin breakdown and constipation may need to be reported to the surgeon depending on the extent of the breakdown and severity of the constipation. However, a change in stoma appearance is critical and warrants immediate attention.
Answer to Question 2
A
Osteoporosis is a decrease in total bone density. The internal structure of the bone diminishes, and the bone collapses in on itself. Women experience a rapid decline in bone mass after menopause. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease. Osteomyelitis is a serious infection in the bone.
Critical thinking involves analysis in which the nurse examines patient data available from a variet
The tone of the nurse-patient introduction sets the stage for the patient interview and patient care
Nurse-patient interaction; nonveral communication
The nurse assesses the patient's ability to use the walker correctly
teaching children about some of the world’s environmental problems
Patient teaching: nail assessment