Answer to Question 1
Correct Answer: 1
Rationale 1: Intellectual integrity requires that individuals apply the same rigorous standards of proof to their own knowledge and beliefs as they apply to the knowledge and beliefs of others. Trying new teaching techniques in the hope that students might respond positively shows that the first educator is willing to question her own practices, just as she would question those of another.
Rationale 2: Perseverance is determination that enables critical thinkers to clarify concepts and sort out related issues, in spite of difficulties and frustrations.
Rationale 3: Fair-mindedness is assessing all viewpoints with the same standards and not basing judgments on personal or group bias or prejudice.
Rationale 4: Intellectual humility means having an awareness of the limits of one's own knowledge. Critical thinkers are willing to admit what they do not know, seek new information, and rethink their conclusions in light of new knowledge.
Answer to Question 2
Correct Answer: 4
Rationale 1: Why questions make clients very defensive and doing so does not utilize critical thinking skills.
Rationale 2: Asking a yes/no question offers little other information and doing so does not utilize critical thinking skills.
Rationale 3: Asking the client what he wants does not help to find out more information about the client's situation or prior history and doing so does not utilize critical thinking skills.
Rationale 4: In critical thinking, the nurse also differentiates statements of fact, inference, judgment, and opinion. The nurse will have to ascertain the accuracy of information and evaluate the credibility of the information sources.