Nursing students have been assigned to develop their own theory ...

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Nursing students have been assigned to develop their own theory of nursing. Which of the following would they include in their theory, often referred to as the metaparadigm for nursing?
 
  1. Society, medicine, nursing, and biology
  2. Patient, facility, health, and nursing
  3. Organization, discipline, nursing, and client
  4. Client, environment, health, and nursing

Question 2

When discussing the currently expressed concerns about the use of research as the primary source of evidence for evidence based nursing practice, the nurse education includes references to the current practices:
 
  1. When evidence-based practice is done appropriately, the process often becomes cost-prohibitive.
  2. The strictly constructed and controlled circumstances of the research environment.
  3. The inference that there is a best' solution or practice for any specific research question.
  4. Evidence-based practice is most applicable to physiological problems.
  5. Research projects evidence can be flawed when applied to various cultures and ethnic groups.

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Answer to Question 1

Correct Answer: 4
Rationale 1: These options do not include the pattern associated with the four concepts that comprise a metaparadigm.
Rationale 2: These options do not include the pattern associated with the four concepts that comprise a metaparadigm.
Rationale 3: These options do not include the pattern associated with the four concepts that comprise a metaparadigm.
Rationale 4: Four major conceptsperson (or client), environment, health, and nursingcan be superimposed on almost any theoretical work in nursing. They are collectively referred to as a metaparadigm for nursing.

Answer to Question 2

Correct Answer: 2,3,4,5
Rationale 1: Research might be expensive in many incidences but not in all cases, and cost is not recognized as a negative factor at this time.
Rationale 2: Research is often done under very controlled circumstances, which is very different from the real world of healthcare delivery.
Rationale 3: Research evidence suggests that there is one best solution to a problem for all clients. This limited perspective stifles creativity.
Rationale 4: EBP appears to have greater relevance for physiological problems than for psychological, social, or spiritual ones.
Rationale 5: Implementing EBP may not take into consideration organizational culture and ethnic characteristics.