In developing role behavior, the child learns which of the ...

[Medesa]

In developing role behavior, the child learns which of the following through substitution?
 
  1. Internalizing beliefs and values of role models
  2. Refraining from behavior even though tempted
  3. Avoiding unacceptable behavior because it is punished
  4. Engaging in an acceptable behavior instead of another unacceptable one

Question 2

A client's biggest concern is about the interactions that she has with her family, and she is in the process of establishing a positive view of herself. Which group is the client meeting the develop-mental needs of:
 
  1. 12- to 20-year-old age-group
  2. Early 20s to mid-40s age-group
  3. Mid-40s to mid-60s age-group
  4. Late 60s and older age-group

[medine]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: 4
In the process of substitution, an individual replaces one behavior with another that provides the same personal gratification. The child has learned to substitute one behavior for another for a positive outcome. In the process of identification, an individual internalizes the beliefs, behavior, and values of role models into a personal, unique expression of self. In the process of inhibition, an individual learns to refrain from behaviors, even when tempted to engage in them. Avoiding unacceptable behavior because it is punished is seen in the process of reinforcement-extinction.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: 2
The developmental needs of the early 20s to mid-40s age-group include the establishment of in-timate relationships with family and significant others; having stable, positive feelings about self; and experiencing successful role transitions and increased responsibilities. The self-concept de-velopmental needs of the 12- to 20-year-old age-group include accepting body changes, examin-ing attitudes and beliefs, establishing goals for the future, and interacting with those whom he or she finds sexually attractive or intellectually stimulating. The self-concept developmental tasks of the mid-40s to mid-60s age-group include accepting changes in appearance and endurance, reas-sessing life goals, and showing contentment with aging. The self-concept developmental needs of the late 60s and older age-group include feeling positive about one's life and its meaning, and being interested in providing a legacy for the next generation.