The nurse is reviewing the four stages of development in ...

[krzymel]

The nurse is reviewing the four stages of development in Westerhoff's spiritual theory. In which order should the nurse review these stages to match the life cycle?
 
  1. Owned faith
  2. Affiliative faith
  3. Experienced faith
  4. Searching faith

Question 2

A client with an acute, serious illness has been hospitalized. Upon entering the room, the nurse observes the client praying. The client states to the nurse: I don't know how people manage to get through difficult times without their faith.
 
  It's where I get my strength. With which theorist should the nurse associate this client's belief?
  1. Fowler
  2. Westerhoff
  3. Gilligan
  4. Kohlberg

[ntsoane kedibone]

Answer to Question 1

Rationale 1: Puts faith into personal and social action and is willing to stand up for what the individual believes even against the nurturing community is Stage 4.
Rationale 2: Actively participates in activities that characterize a particular faith tradition; experiences awe and wonderment; feels a sense of belonging is Stage 2.
Rationale 3: Experiences faith through interaction with others who are living a particular faith tradition is Stage 1.
Rationale 4: Through a process of questioning and doubting own faith, acquires a cognitive as well as an affective faith is Stage 3.

Answer to Question 2

Correct Answer: 2
Rationale 1: Fowler's theory describes the development of faith as a force that gives meaning to a person's life.
Rationale 2: Westerhoff describes faith as a way of being and behaving that evolves from an experienced faith guided by parents and others during a person's infancy and childhood to an owned faith that is internalized in adulthood. For the client who is ill, faith provides strength and trust.
Rationale 3: Gilligan is not a spiritual theorist.
Rationale 4: Kohlberg is not a spiritual theorist.