Answer to Question 1
ANS: D
Informed consent is permission granted by a patient after discussing each of the following topics with the physician, surgeon, or advanced practice nurse who will perform the surgery or procedure: (1) exact details of the treatment, (2) necessity of the treatment, (3) all known benefits and risks involved, (4) available alternatives, and (5) risks of treatment refusal.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: A
All 50 states have enacted Good Samaritan laws offering protection for physicians and other health care professionals who provide emergency care at the scene of a disaster, emergency, or accident. Good Samaritan laws protect health care professionals from charges of negligence in providing emergency care if (1) the care is within the professional's scope of knowledge and standards of care and (2) no fee is received or charged for services. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) was enacted in 1996 to protect the privacy of health care information. Licensure and certification of nurses seek to ensure professional competence. The laws of each state require graduates of accredited nursing schools and colleges pass the National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX) before beginning professional practice. A living will specifies the treatment a person wants to receive when he/she is unconscious or no longer capable of making decisions independently.