Answer to Question 1
ANS: A
Swanson's five caring processes include being with and enabling. Sitting at the bedside and sharing information are activities that exemplify these behaviors. Travelbee's model describes steps toward compassionate and empathetic care. Watson's theory of caring impacts both the person and the universe and is built upon 10 carative factors. Leininger describes patient care and its relationship to cultural diversity.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: A
Anthropologists and social scientists have noted that in every culture, a particular value system prevails and consists of culturally defined moral and ethical principles and rules that are learned in childhood. Each individual possesses a relatively small number of values and may share the same values with others, but to different degrees. A value system helps the person choose between alternatives, resolve values conflicts, and make decisions. Within every culture, however, values vary widely among subcultural groups and even between individuals on the basis of the person's gender, personal experiences, personality, education, and many other variables.