A patient has been referred to an allergist for allergy testing. ...

[mydiamond]

A patient has been referred to an allergist for allergy testing. Which parenteral routes would the nurse not expect to be used for the tests?
 
  1. The intradermal (ID) route
  2. The subcutaneous route
  3. The intramuscular (IM) route
  4. The intravenous (IV) route
  5. The buccal route

Question 2

The nurse is caring for a patient who has been involved in a motor vehicle crash. The health care provider has written orders for a transdermal patch for pain to be applied for steady pain control. The nurse knows that
 
  1. the transdermal patch should not be applied to areas of abrasion.
  2. transdermal medications undergo the first-pass effect in the liver.
  3. transdermal medications completely bypass digestive enzymes.
  4. the actual dose received by the patient from this pain patch may vary.
  5. transdermal patches are not considered an effective means of delivering medications because the rate of delivery and actual dose can vary.

[tennis14576]

Answer to Question 1

Correct Answer: 2,3,4,5
Rationale 1: The ID route is used to administer very small volumes of a drug into the intradermal layer of skin. This route is most commonly used for allergy and TB skin testing.
Rationale 2: The subcutaneous route is used to deliver medication into the deepest layer of skin. Drugs that are delivered by this route include insulin, heparin, and some vaccines.
Rationale 3: The IM route is used to deliver medication deep into a muscle. Antibiotics, vitamins, and some vaccines are delivered by this route.
Rationale 4: The IV route delivers medication directly into the bloodstream. Fluid replacement, antibiotics, blood products, and many other drugs can be delivered via this route.
Rationale 5: Medications administered by the buccal route are intended to be absorbed. This is not a route used for allergy testing.

Answer to Question 2

Correct Answer: 1,3,4
Rationale 1: Applying transdermal patches to skin that has abrasions may unintentionally increase the dose of the medication.
Rationale 2: Transdermal medications avoid the first-pass effect.
Rationale 3: Transdermal medications never come into contact with digestive enzymes but go straight into the bloodstream.
Rationale 4: While transdermal patches do contain a specific amount of medication, the rate of delivery may vary for each patient.
Rationale 5: It is true that the rate of delivery and actual dose received can vary, but this route is an effective means of delivering many medications such as birth control medications and nitroglycerin for angina.

[mydiamond]

Thanks for the timely response, appreciate it

[kusterl]

Gracias!