Answer to Question 1
1, 3, 5
Rationale 1: One common cause is hyposecretion of PTH, which occurs when the thyroid and parathyroid glands are surgically removed.
Rationale 2: Hypertension is not a cause of hypocalcemia.
Rationale 3:Digestion-related malabsorption disorders and vitamin D deficiencies also result in hypocalcemia.
Rationale 4: Heart failure is not a cause of hypocalcemia.
Rationale 5:Digestion-related malabsorption disorders and vitamin D deficiencies also result in hypocalcemia.
Global Rationale: Hypocalcemia is not a disease, but a sign of underlying pathology; therefore, diagnosis of the cause of hypocalcemia is essential. One common cause is hyposecretion of PTH, which occurs when the thyroid and parathyroid glands are surgically removed. Digestion-related malabsorption disorders and vitamin D deficiencies also result in hypocalcemia. Hypertension is not a cause of hypocalcemia. Heart failure is not a cause of hypocalcemia.
Answer to Question 2
1, 2
Rationale 1: Hot flashes are an unpleasant symptom of menopause.
Rationale 2: Vaginal dryness is an unpleasant symptom of menopause.
Rationale 3: Tachycardia is not an unpleasant symptom of menopause.
Rationale 4: Hyperglycemia is not an unpleasant symptom of menopause.
Rationale 5: Anemia is not an unpleasant symptom of menopause.
Global Rationale: Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation, resulting in a lack of estrogen secretion by the ovaries. Unpleasant symptoms include hot flashes, night sweats, irregular menstrual cycles, vaginal dryness, and bone mass loss.
Establishing a caring and trusting relationship helps the client come to terms with a terminal illne
Signs of hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism; A, Chvostek's sign; B, Trousseau's sign.
Intervention Model-Response to Client Misconduct
Measuring the client’s blood pressure
Testing client’s ability to identify sharp sensations
The client is positioned for the examination