During the second stage of pathogenesis of HIV, the virus ...

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During the second stage of pathogenesis of HIV, the virus converts its genetic material from:
 
  1. RNA to DNA.
  2. DNA to RNA.
  3. DNA to CD4 receptors.
  4. RNA to CD4 receptors.

Question 2

The nurse teaches a client that the transmission of HIV infection occurs by:
 
  1. exposure to respiratory secretions.
  2. exposure to fecal material.
  3. exposure to blood or semen.
  4. exposure to contaminated food.

[Mollythedog]

Answer to Question 1

Correct Answer: 1
Rationale 1: HIV is called a retrovirus, as it converts RNA to DNA in the second stage of pathogenesis, where most other living organisms convert DNA to RNA.
Rationale 2: HIV is called a retrovirus, as it converts RNA to DNA, where most other living organisms convert DNA to RNA.
Rationale 3: DNA does not convert to CD4 receptors. The CD4 receptors are where the virus attaches to on the host cell.
Rationale 4: RNA does not covert to CD4 receptors. The CD4 receptors are where the virus attaches to on the host cell.
Global Rationale: HIV is called a retrovirus, as it converts RNA to DNA in the second stage of pathogenesis, where most other living organisms convert DNA to RNA. RNA and DNA do not convert CD4 receptors.

Answer to Question 2

Correct Answer: 3
Rationale 1: Transmission of HIV infection is not from exposure to respiratory secretions.
Rationale 2: Transmission of HIV infection does not occur by exposure to fecal material.
Rationale 3: Transmission of HIV infection occurs by exposure to contaminated body fluids, most commonly blood or semen.
Rationale 4: Transmission of HIV infection does not occur by exposure to contaminated food.
Global Rationale: HIV infection occurs by exposure to contaminated body fluids, most commonly blood or semen, because these fluids have the highest concentration of the virus. Transmission may also occur through sexual activity or through contact of infected fluids with broken skin, mucous membranes, or needlesticks. Newborns of an HIV-infected mother may acquire the virus during birth or breast-feeding. Respiratory secretions, fecal material, and contaminated food are not implicated in transmission.

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