Answer to Question 1
Correct Answer: 4
Rationale 1: Histamine is not targeted by ibuprofen.
Rationale 2: Leukotrienes are not targeted by ibuprofen.
Rationale 3: Complement is not targeted by ibuprofen.
Rationale 4: Ibuprofen inhibits the production of prostaglandins.
Global Rationale: Some inflammatory mediators are important targets for anti-inflammatory drugs. Ibuprofen is a prostaglandin inhibitor which is effective at treating fever, pain, and inflammation. Ibuprofen does not target histamine, leukotrienes, or complement.
Answer to Question 2
Correct Answer: 1
Rationale 1: Histamine causes vasodilation, causing redness and warmth. Histamine also increases the permeability of capillary membranes, causing edema.
Rationale 2: Leukotrienes do not cause warmth, redness, and edema.
Rationale 3: Complement does not cause warmth, redness, and edema.
Rationale 4: Prostaglandins do not cause warmth, redness, and edema.
Global Rationale: When released at an injury site, histamine dilates nearly blood vessels, causing the capillaries to become more permeable. Plasma, complement proteins, and phagocytes can then enter the area to neutralize microbes or their toxins. The affected area may become congested with blood, which can lead to warmth, redness, and significant swelling and pain. Leukotrienes, complement, and prostaglandins do not cause warmth, redness, or edema.
First-pass effect: (a) drugs are absorbed; (b) drugs enter hepatic portal circulation and go directl
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