Answer to Question 1
C
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Regulation of blood pressure is also a function of the kidney. Specialized vessels of the kidney called the vasa recta constantly monitor blood pressure as blood begins its passage into the kidney. When the vasa recta detect a decrease in blood pressure, specialized juxtaglomerular cells near the afferent arteriole, distal tubule, and efferent arteriole secrete the hormone renin. Renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, which is then converted to angiotensin II, the most powerful vasoconstrictor known. The vasoconstriction causes the blood pressure to increase. The cortex of the suprarenal gland secretes aldosterone in response to stimulation by the pituitary gland, which in turn is in response to poor perfusion or increasing serum osmolality. The result is an increase in blood pressure. When the vasa recta recognize the increase in blood pressure, renin secretion stops. Failure of this feedback mechanism is one of the primary causes of hypertension. Therefore, options A, B, and D are incorrect.
Answer to Question 2
D
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Antiestrogen effectsflushing, sweating, vaginitis, nervousness, and emotional labilitycan be anticipated when these drugs are used in women. When androgens are administered to women you would not expect the results to include atrophy of the breasts, rapid bone growth, or loss of pubic hair.
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