Answer to Question 1
D
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CAD is the leading cause of HF, accounting for approximately 95 of the cases diagnosed. CAD results in an insufficient supply of blood to meet the oxygen demands of the myocardium. Consequently, the muscles become hypoxic and can no longer function efficiently. When CAD evolves into a myocardial infarction, muscle cells die or are damaged, leading to an inefficient pumping effort. Cardiomyopathy, hypertension, and congenital anomaly are rarely associated with heart failure.
Answer to Question 2
B
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Scientists now designate the hypothalamus as the master gland because it has even greater direct regulatory effects over the neuroendocrine system, including stimulation of the pituitary gland to produce its hormones. The pituitary gland was formerly considered the master gland, but new research has helped scientists realize it is the hypothalamus that is the master gland.