Answer to Question 1
Continuous noise - Noise of a constant level measured over at least one second using the slow setting on a sound level meter. Note that an intermittent noise (e.g., on for over a second and then off for a period) is both variable and continuous.
Exchange rate - The relationship between intensity and dose. OSHA uses a 5-dB exchange rate. Thus, if the intensity of an exposure increases by 5 dB, the dose doubles. This may also be referred to as the doubling rate. The U.S. Navy uses a 4-dB exchange rate; the U.S. Army and U.S. Air Force use a 3-dB exchange rate.
Hearing threshold level - The hearing level, above a reference value, at which a specified sound or tone is heard by an ear in a specified fraction of the trials. Hearing threshold levels have been established so that dB HTL reflects the best hearing of a group of persons.
Noise-induced hearing loss - A sensorineural hearing loss that is attributed to noise and for which no other etiology can be determined.
Time-weighted average - A value computed so that the resulting average is equivalent to an exposure resulting from a constant noise level over an eight-hour period.
Answer to Question 2
The key to protecting workers' feet and toes is to match the protective measure with the hazard. This involves the following steps: 1) identify the various types of hazards present in the workplace, 2) identify the types of footwear available to counter the hazards, and 3) require that proper footwear be worn. Shoes selected should meet all applicable ANSI standards and have a corresponding ANSI rating.
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Loud Music and Hearing Loss (1 of 2)
Directional Terms