Historically, the research on differences in intelligence scores across races was problematic.
According to Stephen Jay Gould, in Samuel George Morton's nineteenth century research on skull sizes and intelligence, Morton
a. created his sample of skulls in a way that guaranteed that he would find what he expected to find.
b. knew that his methodology was flawed, so he altered his data to reflect what he thought was true.
c. kept poor records, so nobody could contest his findings.
d. accurately measured skulls sizes of people of European and Asian descent, but he consistently underestimated the skull sizes of people of African descent.
Question 2
When researchers have study differences between Hispanic and Anglo residents of the United States,
a. the research shows few reliable differences between the groups.
b. the research relies on categories recognized by behavioral scientists.
c. the research often ignores the differences among people within each group itself.
d. the research typically uses categorization data from several decades ago, so the results are questionable.
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