When measuring the dependent variable prior to the independent variable causes participants to respond differently to the independent variable than they would have otherwise, _______ has occurred.
a. attrition
b. pretest sensitization
c. history
d. a carry-over effect
e. a selection threat to validity
Question 2
Single-case experiments are desirable when a researcher
a. wants to assess therapeutic or intervention techniques.
b. the behaviors being studied are common to many people.
c. does not want to gather extensive information about a person or a phenomenon.
d. believes that there is a strong possibility that the results will be influenced by cohort effects.
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