Answer to Question 1
Answer: Transfer appropriate processing and the encoding specificity principle are related terms. Transfer appropriate processing states that the processing at encoding is most effective to the extent that that processing overlaps with the processing to be performed at retrieval. The focus is matching the processing at encoding with the type of processing to be used at retrieval or test. The encoding specificity principle states that our ability to remember a stimulus depends on the similarity between the way the stimulus is processed at encoding and the way it is processed at test. The focus of this principle is on the correspondence between the way something is learned and how it is used at test.
Answer to Question 2
Answer: One hypothesis is that while we sleep or remember information, the medial temporal lobe reinstates or recapitulates the pattern of activation present during learning, thereby strengthening connections with the relevant lateral cortical regions where the long-term memories reside.
Transfer RNA (tRNA) Structure
Overview of RNA processing and posttranscriptional gene control
The tertiary of a transfer RNA as determined by X-Ray diffraction
Energy Transfer
Physics - Density, Pressure, and Pascal's Principle