Answer to Question 1
The major advantage (in winter) and drawback (in summer) of heat islands is the
upward deviation from mean temperature. This might be annoying as well as more
expensive in summer; it might not be annoying at all in winter, and actually save in heating
costs.
Answer to Question 2
Population increase can overwhelm any emigration. The numbers of emigrants is
so small that there is little effect on the population sending the emigrants offplanet. One
example is the peopling of North America from Europe. Europe's population was barely
affected. Another example is peopling of South America from Europe as well. Many other
examples are possibleAustralia, New Zealand, etc. had essentially no effect on Britain's
population.
Striking examples where high surface area releases heat.
Distillation column with heat pump
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer
Health Care Timeline
Island biogeography and habitat fragmentation
Vitamin D plays a major role in bone health