Answer to Question 1
The effect of gravitational force on galaxies will decrease the recessional velocity of
the galaxies. Hubble's constant will be smaller because the constant is proportional to
the velocity. This will give an increase in the calculated age of the universe.
Current findings show, however, that this effect may be completely canceled by some unknown, even
stronger repulsion force that appears to be causing the overall expansion rate of the universe to be
accelerated, not slowing down at all.
Answer to Question 2
2