All toads are animals. All men are animals. Therefore, all men are toads. Many would evaluate this as a valid syllogism, due to its ALL ALL ALL form. This is because:
a) of belief bias.
b) people have trouble reasoning about familiar objects.
c) people have more trouble with universal quantifiers (e.g., ALL) than with particular ones (e.g., SOME).
d) of an atmosphere effect.
Question 2
Affirming the antecedent is also called ______, and is a(n) ______ form.
a) modus ponens; valid
b) modus ponens; invalid
c) modus tollens; valid
d) modus tollens; invalid
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