How did Newton deduce the dependence of the gravitational force ...

[robinn137]

How did Newton deduce the dependence of the gravitational force on distance?
 
  A) By observing the way that a large gravitational pendulum moved.
  B) By comparing the time it takes Earth to orbit the sun with the time it takes to spin on its axis.
  C) By calculating the moon's acceleration, and comparing it with the acceleration of a falling object.
  D) By comparing the accelerations of objects falling to Earth from different heights.
  E) By measuring the gravitational attraction between large massive lead spheres in the laboratory.

Question 2

James and John dive from an overhang into the lake below. James simply drops straight down from the edge. John takes a running start and jumps with an initial horizontal velocity of 25 m/s. Assuming no effects of air, when they reach the lake below
 
  A) the splashdown speed of James is larger than that of John.
  B) the splashdown speed of John is larger than that of James.
  C) they will both have the same splashdown speed.
  D) the splashdown speed of James must be 9.8 m/s larger than that of John.
  E) the splashdown speed of John must be 25 m/s larger than that of James.

[Jbrasil]

Answer to Question 1

C

Answer to Question 2

B