Suppose that Joseph Brown is a U.S. diplomat who works in Country X, and he is trying to assess whether Country X poses a threat to the United States.
The diplomat gathers evidence that Country X poses a threat, but he does not try to gather evidence that Country X does not pose a threat. This error is called
a. the failure to transfer knowledge to a new task.
b. the belief-bias effect.
c. the anchoring-and-adjustment heuristic.
d. the confirmation bias.
Question 2
On the classic selection task in conditional reasoning, people work on the problem, If a card has a vowel on one side, then it has an even number on the other side. Research on variations of this task indicates that
a. people consistently seek out negative information rather than positive information.
b. the problem is easier to solve if it describes something concrete, such as drinking age.
c. this is one of the few tasks that people can solve more accurately in their heads than when the problem is represented with concrete objects.
d. people are systematically influenced by the representativeness heuristic.
Although males tend to be larger than females, the two overlap significantly in size. The size of a
Historian James Merrell notes several errors in Benjamin West’s famous 1771 painting, William Penn’s