In the context of counseling research, which of the following is true of the measurement approaches based on the item response theory (IRT)?
a. It is used to relate one's response patterns to items of similar levels of difficulty to determine the reliability of the test.
b. It is used to identify levels of how items measure a certain attribute.
c. It is used to assess the ability of scale items to measure present performance with prior performance.
d. It is used to examine whether particular scale items have varying levels of internal validity.
Question 2
From the perspective of the _______________ approach, there are multiple, coexisting truths and the role of the counselor is as nonexpert and coconstuctor of meaning, in which the counselor serves to facilitate dialogue in which the client can construct new meaning and interpretations.
a. modernism
b. post-modernism
c. systemic
d. phenomenological
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