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In 1835 it was discovered that a disease of silkworms known as muscardine could be transferred from one silkworm to another, and was caused by a fungus.
Warfarin was developed as a consequence of the study of a strange bleeding disorder that suddenly occurred in cattle on the northern prairies of the United States in the early 1900s.
It is believed that the Incas used anesthesia. Evidence supports the theory that shamans chewed cocoa leaves and drilled holes into the heads of patients (letting evil spirits escape), spitting into the wounds they made. The mixture of cocaine, saliva, and resin numbed the site enough to allow hours of drilling.
Adult head lice are gray, about ? inch long, and often have a tiny dot on their backs. A female can lay between 50 and 150 eggs within the several weeks that she is alive. They feed on human blood.
The human body's pharmacokinetics are quite varied. Our hair holds onto drugs longer than our urine, blood, or saliva. For example, alcohol can be detected in the hair for up to 90 days after it was consumed. The same is true for marijuana, cocaine, ecstasy, heroin, methamphetamine, and nicotine.
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![Photograph of the flea that transmits Yersinia pestis to cause bubonic plague, called the oriental r](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_14755_11_11_12_7_20_12_100441848.jpeg)
![In 1839 Mary Cragin, at the age of twenty-nine, became a convert to John Humphrey Noyes’s “communism](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_375348_18_08_15_9_36_29_222991202.jpeg)