All of the following statements regarding special education litigation and legislation are true, EXCEPT:
a. Litigation often led to legislation, which in turn led to more litigation to interpret and clarify the law.
b. Due to litigation, the past 30 years have seen a significant decrease in the educational benefits available to individuals with special educational needs.
c. Before the late 1950s, the federal government paid little attention to individuals with special needs.
d. Opportunities for individuals with special needs have greatly increased over the past 30 years with the dramatic growth in special education legislation.
Question 2
Universal Design for Learning (UDL):
a. was originally developed as a scientific concept to describe the universality of chemical reactions.
b. is synonymous with the universal inclusion of students with disabilities, both social and academic, with nondisabled peers.
c. is seen as a vehicle for ensuring that teachers are able to meet the needs of students who exhibit widely varying learning requirements in inclusive settings.
d. implies one optimal solution for everyone.
The main avenue to the upward social mobility reviewed in the text has been higher education.
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